Technological Advances

Joint Replacement: Regarding the sekleton, there have been many new discoveries and advances. One of these is joint replacement. Doctors have tried for many years to find a way of replacing damaged or worn out joints, but the first attempts were never successful. In the late 1960s, a British doctor named Sir John Charnley designed an artificial hip consisting of a metal ball in a hard cement socket. Over the years, his work was refined by many  other surgeons and finally used in knee and hip replacements.    
 
Bone Marrow Transplant:  A bone marrow transplant many be used to treat some bone marrow problems. Red bone marrow from a healthy donor is injected into the bloodstream of the patient. The stem cells travel through the blood until they reach the marrow. They then settle there and produce healthy blood cells.

Bone Scan:
 New technonlogical advances allow us to see images from radionuclide (gamma) scans of whole skeletons. These are helpful and unlike other images produced because they can show doctors whether or not the bones in a human are diseased.

Metal Retractor
: A special clamp called a retractor is used to hold the ribs apart when surgeons perform chest operations, such as heart surgery or heart transplants.

Arthoscope:
Invented by Japanese surgeons in the 1970s, the arthoscope is a small, illuminated tube that can be inserted into the knee through a small cut. This high-tech instrument provides a clear view of the inside of the knee and can send detailed pictures to a monitor. These pictures allow doctors to be more succesful in their operating techniques.